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1995-01-22
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STANDARD NUMBER 1910.1450
INFORMATION DATE 19910613
DESCRIPTION USDOL Program Highlights - Control of Hazardous Energy
Sources (Lockout/Tagout)
SUBJECT Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout)
U.S. Department of Labor
Program Highlights
Fact Sheet No. OSHA 89-32
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY SOURCES (LOCK-OUT/TAGOUT)
SCOPE
The standard for the control of hazardous energy sources
(lockout-tagout) covers servicing and maintenance of machines and
equipment in which the unexpected energization or start up of the
machines or equipment or release of stored energy could cause
injury to employees.
The rule generally requires that energy sources for equipment be
turned off or disconnected and that the switch either be locked
or labeled with a warning tag.
About three million workers actually servicing equipment face the
greatest risk. These include craft workers, machine operators,
and laborers. OSHA data show that packaging and wrapping
equipment, printing presses, and conveyors account for a high
proportion of the accidents associated with lockout/tagout
failures. Typical injuries include fractures, lacerations,
contusions, amputations, and puncture wounds with the average
lost time for injuries running 24 days.
Agriculture, maritime, and construction employers would be
covered under future rulemakings. The generation, transmission,
and distribution of electric power by utilities and work on
electric conductors and equipment are excluded because
lockout/tagout procedures for these specific industries are being
included in separate standards under development for them.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Under the ruling employers must:
o Develop an energy control program.
o Use locks when equipment can be locked out.
o Ensure that new equipment or overhauled equipment can
accommodate locks.
o Employ additional means to ensure safety when tags rather
than locks are used by using an effective tagout program.
o Identify and implement specific procedures (generally in
writing) for the control of hazardous energy including
preparation for shutdown, shutdown, equipment isolation,
lockout/tagout application, release of stored energy, and
verification of isolation.
o Institute procedures for release of lockout/tagout
including machine inspection, notification and safe
positioning of employees, and removal of the lockout/tagout
device.
o Obtain standardized locks and tags which indicate the
identity of the employee using them and which are of
sufficient quality and durability to ensure their
effectiveness.
o Require that each lockout/tagout device be removed by the
employee who applied the device.
o Conduct inspections of energy control procedures at least
annually.
o Train employees in the specific energy control procedures
with training reminders as part of the annual inspections of
the control procedures.
o Adopt procedures to ensure safety when equipment must be
tested during servicing, when outside contractors are
working at the site, when a multiple lockout is needed for a
crew servicing equipment, and when shifts or personnel
change.
EXCLUSIONS
Excluded from coverage are:
o Normal production operations including repetitive,
routine minor adjustment which would be covered under OSHA's
machine guarding standards.
o Work on cord and plug connected electric equipment when
it is unplugged, and the employee working on the equipment
has complete control over the plug.
o Hot tap operations involving gas, steam, water, or
petroleum products when the employer shows that continuity
of service is essential, shutdown is impractical, and
documented procedures are followed to provide proven
effective protection for employees.
COMPLIANCE COSTS
Estimated costs for the 1.7 million affected establishments--
mostly in manufacturing and service industries many of which are
already in compliance--was expected to be $214 million the first
year and approximately $135 million in subsequent years. Small
establishments can expect implementation costs to be
approximately $125 while cost estimates for very large firms are
approximately $28,000.
BENEFITS
OSHA estimates compliance with the standard will prevent about
120 fatalities and approximately 28,000 serious and 32,000 minor
injuries each year. About 39 million general industry workers
will be protected from accidents during maintenance and servicing
of equipment under this ruling.
EFFECTIVE DATE
The final rule was published in the Federal Register Sept 1, 1989
with implementation effective Oct. 31, 1989.
_________________________________________________________________
This is one of a series of fact sheets highlighting U.S.
Department of Labor programs. It is intended as a general
description only and does not carry the force of legal opinion.